Why Franchising is Going Global Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 33

Why Franchising is Going Global - Assignment Example Social structures – the structures within the international market differ from those within the US. Consideration of these factors will enable the franchises to effectively undertake operations within the global market. The business operations of the franchises must become integrated with the social structures within those countries. Cultural values and attitudes – in seeking to satisfy the new customers which the franchise will get in the international market, understanding the customers becomes essential. A consideration of these elements becomes essential in managing the cultural diversity which is created through the expansion of the franchise into the international market. The attitudes and values will be essential in the development of strategies aimed at marketing the franchise to the international market. In seeking to enhance the appropriateness of franchise products within the international market the franchises must undertake different approaches. These appro aches will be aimed at ensuring the products match with the demands of the new international market. The franchises would be required to undertake the following activities. Evaluate the country’s economic system in seeking to ensure the utilization of business operations which are appropriate to the economic system. The franchises must undertake research within the country in which the franchise will operate in order to understand the operational elements which must be present for successful business operations. This would enable the franchises to learn about the various laws and regulations existing within the country, and the source of business supplies(Pipes, 2014). Understanding these factors will present the franchises with the capacity to undertake business operations successfully and ensure the appropriateness of their products. This study will enable the franchises to implement effective business strategies which are based on the situation analysis of the various elem ents which govern business operations within the other countries.

Case study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Case study - Assignment Example In the evaluation and morale case, a number of problems emerge. According to the staff nurse, the nurse manager made some untrue against her in the report. In this respect, the problem of unfair evaluation emerges. Another problem also stems out of this context. The staff nurse’s morale is negatively affected by the report. The underlying adverse effect is directed towards the actual practice as much as it remains an issue with the staff nurse. This personal-practice-based implication of the report is a critical problem in the case. Over and above this, the staff nurse’s evaluation seems to have been directed towards one key event. In this respect, the progressive factor that should be captured in the report is not observed. Moreover, poor, inefficient, and ineffective communication between stakeholders (Phillips & Morris, 2011) is characteristic in the case. Finally, personal growth and development of the staff nurse is on the verge of being negated by the unfolding ev ents in the case. The above mentioned problems can be analyzed by employing a number of principles. An administrative problem that befalls any health care organization is critical (Burnard, et al. 2004). In the light of the case, it is important to understand the administrative standpoint of the nurse manager in executing her performance appraisal mandate. This is because the principle of dialogue is seemingly downplayed in relation to the manner in which the nurse manager executed the evaluation. Over and above that, issues to do with morality and ethics emerge. Moral and ethical principles are vital in analyzing problems related to nursing or any other health care practice (Walker & Avant, 2011). At the same time, it would be essential to account for professional platforms that are designed to promote personal and professional growth and development. In order to solve the problems described in the evaluation and morale case, a number of recommendations are

The Introduction Of Food Hygiene Health Essay

The Introduction Of Food Hygiene Health Essay Nowadays, public are emphasize on food hygiene. There are many food poisoning cases happen because of poor food hygiene standards. Food service businesses are taking important role in the proper hygiene standard. As Kashif Hussain(2005) stated that, food hygiene in a food service operation is the responsibility of everyone working in that establishment in order to prevent and reduce the risk of food borne illness. This paper is intended to study the relationship of food hygiene and customers purchasing behaviors among TARC Perak Branch Campus students. Food hygiene is very important to every restaurant. Maintaining standard hygiene in a restaurant may result in good reputation and increase restaurant table turnover rate. A proper hygiene standard in restaurant may influence customers purchasing behaviors. 1.2 Background of research Kampar is a town which located in Perak, Malaysia. In the early time, Kampar is a town which rich with tin reserves. After constructing TAR College and University, the job opportunities in Kampar are increased especially for food and beverage business. Among the restaurant business in Kampar, there are some of restaurant owner did not have proper hygiene knowledge or did not apply the food safety knowledge when operating their business. The lack of concern of hygiene will directly affect the health of Kampar residents as well as Kampar students such as food borne illness. 1.3 Problem Statement Statement of problem is to study the relationship between food hygiene and customers purchasing behaviours among TARC students. Food hygiene is very important for any food service industry. Good practicing in hygiene standard can help to enhance the restaurant reputation, customers purchasing behaviour and the most important issue is reduced the risk of food borne illness. 1.4 Objectives of the study The objectives in this research attempted to achieve the following: 1. To investigate how application of HACCP influence the purchasing behaviour among Kampar students 2. To investigate the relationship between food borne illness and purchasing behaviour among Kampar students 1.5 Research Questions 1 Will Application of HACCP influence purchasing behaviour among Kampar students? 2. Will factor of food borne illness influence the purchasing behaviour among Kampar students? 1.6 Research Hypothesis 1. Application of HACCP influence the Kampar students purchasing behaviour 2. Food borne illness will influence Kampar students purchasing behaviour. 1.7 Significance of Research This study will be a guideline for the restaurant business to understand that the importance and application of food hygiene in a restaurant. Besides that, this research will provide opportunity for person, who involved in restaurant industry to understand more about food hygiene, and the right way in the process of preparing, storing and serving the foods which safe for human consumption. 1.8 Scope and limitations of research This research is focused on food hygiene and customers purchasing behaviour. The area of this research was in Kampar restaurant and TARC Perak Branch Campus students are the population for this research. There are some limitations faced in this research. Researcher are facing problem when finding journals to support the research topic because most of the journal are old. 1.9 Operational Definition of Terms Food Hygiene, hazards, HACCP, Food borne illness Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction of food hygiene Educational Foundation of the National Restaurant Association (1992) defines food hygiene as the creation and maintenance of healthful or hygienic conditions. In a food service situation, the word food hygiene means wholesome food, handled and prepared in a way that, the food is not contaminated with disease causing agents. The World Health Organization 2002 stated that, food safety is an increasingly important public health issue and inadequate food safety control was a key contributor to the 2.1 million deaths from diarrhoeal disease globally in 2000. Keyvan Amjadi (2005), annual estimates for industrialised countries show that there are up to 30% of the populations are affected by food borne illness each year. Kashif Hussain(2005) stated, food hygiene in a food service operation is the responsibility of everyone working in that establishment. Proper food hygiene is known as healthful, clean and safety environment, and pleasant working conditions. Saunders (1991) stated that, every body must eat to survive and food safety is considered very important to consumers. Mossel (1992) add on that, a discrepancy between medically acknowledged risks and food safety risks as perceived by the consumer. Shapman and Shapman,(1992), Waites and Arbuthnott, (1991) add on that, many cases of food poisoning occur as a result of failure to control growth of pathogens in foods, but with due diligence at all stages in the food chain this is largely preventable 2.2 Definition of food hygiene The World Health Organization (2006) define food hygiene as all conditions and measures necessary to ensure the safety and suitability of food at all stages of the food-chain. Malcolm Tatum (2012), food  hygiene is used to describe the storage and preparation of foods in order to make sure that, food  is safe for human consumption. Malcolm Tatum (2012) adds on, food hygiene is usually refers practices at an individual or family status, whereas the food sanitation normally refers to types of procedures at the commercial level within the  food industry. Malcolm Tatum (2012) also mentions that there are some steps are needed to be emphasis and follow accordingly in order to maintain the food hygiene. The steps need to be concern are included washing hands before handling  food, proper storage of  food  before use, make sure that all serving dishes are clean and free of contaminants when preparing the food and lastly maintaining a clean environment. 2.3 HACCP Eunice Taylor, (2008) define Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) as a risk-based management system which designed for assure the microbiological safety of food manufactured for use in the United Stated manned space missions of the 1960s. Eunice Taylor (2008) add on that, HACCP has become the internationally recognised system of managing food safety and its use has been extended to control the full range of biological, chemical and physical hazards since that time. BenEmbarek (2002) define HACCP as an advance in modern technology, producing safety food and keeping it safety remains a worldwide public health problem with illness caused by the consumption of contaminated food described as the most widespread health problem now a days. Codex (1997) stated that, the systems of the HACCP building block are developed through application of the internationally agreed HACCP Principles. Motarjemi (1999) and Kaferstein (1999) stated that, the HACCP system will help to prevent from fo od borne illness outbreaks only if it is understood and applied it correctly. Motarjemi (1999) and Kaferstein (1999) add on, there are very few records of food borne illness outbreaks in which a food company operating with full commitment and understanding of the HACCP system has been involved. Motarjemi(1999) and Kaferstein (1999) emphasis that, food-borne illness would not occur if HACCP system is applied correctly. Whilst Motarjemi and Kaferstein (1999) argue with this point of view and stated that positive results may be expected when the HACCP system has been applied correctly, it is also necessary to establish ways of measuring HACCP effectiveness that are not based solely on retrospective analysis of outbreak data. 2.4 Food borne illness United Stated Food and Drug Administration (2000) found that the majority of food borne illnesses can be cause to five risk factors which included inadequate cooking, food from unsafe sources, improper holding temperatures, poor personal hygiene and contaminated equipment. Generally the causes to food borne illnesses can be divided into three distinct categories of hazards, which included biological, chemical, and physical. Educational Foundation of the National Restaurant Association (1992) defines the three categories of hazard. From the sources of Educational Foundation of the National Restaurant Association (1992), Biological hazard is defined as viruses, harmful bacteria, parasites or fungi. While for chemical hazard, Educational Foundation of the National Restaurant Association (1992) defined this term as contamination of food with food service chemicals and chemical substances containing in food. For physical hazard, is presence of foreign item that are not supposed to be a pa rt of a food product. Knight and Lendal (1989) point out some critical offences of food handling in behavioural errors and leading operation that can lead to outbreaks of food borne illnesses in food and beverage operations. The critical offences that Knight and Lendal (1989) pointed out included failure to properly cook, reheat or cool foods to proper temperatures, foods prepared in advance or more than a day before serving, raw contaminated ingredients incorporated into foods that receive no further cooking, food allowed to remain at bacteria incubation temperatures and lastly employees who practice poor personal hygiene, 2.5 Proper handling of food NHMRC (2003) said that, proper handling of food during all stages of its preparation and storage is factor in reducing the risk of food borne illness. (Redmond and Griffith, 2003) agree with this point of view and add on, a systematic review of food safety studies identified that consumer commonly implement unsafe food-handling behaviours during domestic food preparation. Jay et al. (1999) and Jevsnik et al. (2008) have done an observation research and found out that improper and infrequent hand-washing techniques are common in Australian food handlers and up to two-thirds of participants did not wash knives and cutting boards after use with raw meat and before reuse of implements and these also are the factors that cause food borne illness. There are another of research into food borne illness appears to show a difference between knowledge of correct food safety behaviours and applying this knowledge during actual behaviour. Redmond and Griffith (2003) compared studies into consumer food safety information and found that although the respondents have good knowledge in food safety, they did not apply in these food safety knowledge and behaviours in their actual operation. 6.0 Customers risk perception and purchasing behaviour Royal Society (1992) and HMSO (1995) define risk as a combination of the probability, or frequency, of occurrence of a defined hazard and the magnitude of the consequences of the occurrence. Solvic (1993) stated that, much of the publics reaction to risk could be attributed to sensitivity not only to the technical but also to the social and psychological qualities of hazards. HMSO (1995) add on that, with concern of food, people associate greater risk with circumstances and practices which they perceive are controlled by others, such as eating in restaurants, compared with situations in which they have perceived control, such as preparing and eating food at home. From the early research of Roselius and supported by Ruth M. W. Yeung (2002) stated that consumers tend to change their purchasing behaviour once a possible food hazard is perceived to reduce the perceived risk in a purchase. There are four types of purchasing behaviour, which include: stop, permanently or temporarily, the p urchase of offending product; reduce the purchase of the offending product; shift from one product to another similar type of product; or continue to purchase and absorb the unresolved risk, 2.6 Summary Nowadays, public are emphasize on food hygiene. As the report from The World Health Organization 2002, food safety is an increasingly important public health issue and inadequate food safety control was a key contributor to the 2.1 million deaths from diarrhoeal disease globally in 2000.There are many food poisoning cases happen because of poor food hygiene standards. As Kashif Hussain(2005) said, proper food hygiene results in healthful, clean, wholesome food, an orderly environment, and pleasant working conditions. Food industry and restaurant are taking important role in the proper hygiene standard. Kashif Hussain(2005) add on, food hygiene in a food service operation is the responsibility of everyone working in that establishment. Besides that, consumers have to understand the basic knowledge about food hygiene to reduce as well as prevent and the risk of food borne illness. For overall definition, food hygiene known as a practice of food safety included storage, handle, cook and present food. In order to remain the cleanliness level, some of the important steps are needed to concern. For example, the proper storage of food, maintaining kitchen cleanliness level, as well as the staff personal hygiene. Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a form of food risk assessment used as a food safety control. HACCP helps to indentify the hazards of food and reduce the risk from storage, handler, and cook and serve the food to consumer. Lastly, food borne illness is caused by conducting poor food hygiene in food industry. To prevent from food borne illness, food industries have to properly cook and handle the food. Besides that, food industries especially restaurant business must stringent requirements their staff with standard hygiene concept. CHAPTER 3 3.1 Introduction In this research, I will interview TAR colleges students in Kampar to gain their opinion toward the relationship between food hygiene and purchasing behaviour by using quantitative research method. 3.2 Research Design This research is to study the relationship between food hygiene and customers purchasing behaviours among TARC students. Quantitative survey method will be conducted because the information is more reliable. Besides that, its more convenience, and efficient which face to face survey with TAR college students about the awareness of food hygiene. 3.3 Population The respondent in this research is focus on TARC Perak Branch Campus students. 3.4 Research Instrument Questionnaire is divided into 3 sections. Section A is awareness of food hygiene, Section B is HACCP, and Section C is customers purchasing behaviour and lastly Section D is demographic. There total 15 questions on food hygiene and customers purchasing behaviour in Section B and respondents responded on a likert scale which range from strongly agree to strongly disagree. 5 questions on customers purchasing behaviour were asked in Section C and likert scale which range from strongly agree to strongly disagree is provided. For the last section is demographic which included respondents gender, age as well as education level. 3.5 Research Procedure The method that used to collect data is through face to face interview with Kampar college students. Face to face interview can make sure that the information is more accurate and reliable. The question is printed in black and white papers that allow respondents to answer the questions accordingly. Before start my survey, I will have a short brief about my title and reason of research. After that, black and white printed question paper will be given to let respondents answer the question accordingly. Using face to face method with black and white printed questionnaire can make sure that respondents can answer accordingly and respondents can ask for question when they meet some problem in answering the question. 3.6 Method of collecting Data In this research, the instrument will use black and white printed survey form to interview Kampar students. All the survey questions are printed in black and white paper form to let respondents answer the survey question accordingly. Face to face survey by using black and white printed survey form can make sure that respondents are answering the question accordingly and also can get more reliable answers. Besides that, respondents can ask any question directly from me if they face any problem while answering the survey question. Method of Analysing Data The Statistic Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) is used for data analysis. Coefficient Alpha is used to test the reliability of question, independent- sample T-test is use to test the bias of respondents and lastly Pearson Correlation method are used to test the hypothesis. CHAPTER 4 Introduction The data analysis will be conducted by using Statistic Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software to find out the result for objective and hypothesis. Research Finding: Reliability Statistic Test A study was conducted to estimate the internal consistency of the 20 items which included HACCP, Food borne illness as well as Customers purchasing behaviour. Coefficient alpha for the scale was 0.770, indicating fair internal consistency among the items on the scale. The means of individual items ranged from 1.40 to 2.30, with a mean on the total scale of 32.50 (Standard Deviation = 4.171). Overall, the respondents responses on the scale indicated that they possessed a fairly degree of HACCP, Food borne illness and Customers purchasing behaviour. Independent-sample T-test Research Question 1. Will Application of HACCP influence purchasing behaviour among Kampar students? 2. Will factor of food borne illness influence the purchasing behaviour among Kampar students? Hypothesis Null Hypothesis 1: There is no significant difference in HACCP between purchasing behaviour. Alternative Hypothesis 1: There is a significant difference in HACCP between purchasing behaviour. Null Hypothesis 2: There is no significant difference in food borne illness between purchasing behaviour. Alternative Hypothesis 2: There is a significant difference in food borne illness between purchasing behaviour. Interpretation of result Table XXX indicated that the p-value is 0.666 which is greater than 0.05, means do not reject the null hypothesis and argue there is no significant difference in HACCP. Table XXX indicated that the p-value is 0.871 which is greater than 0.05, means do not reject the null hypothesis and argue there is no significant difference in food borne illness. Table XXX indicated that the p-value is 0.682 which is greater than 0.05, means do not reject the null hypothesis and argue there is no significant difference in purchasing behaviour. The Pearson r Correlations Coefficient The correlation table XXX, indicated that the correlation between HACCP and purchasing behaviour is 0.341** with corresponding p-value of 0.015 based on 50 respondents. Since the p-value is less than 0.05, there is significant positive relation between HACCP and purchasing behaviour. There is a relationship between HACCP and purchasing behaviour, r (0.341) at p is less than 0.05. Hence, there is a relationship which affirms that the two variables are positively related to population. The coefficient of determination: r the correlation between HACCP and purchasing behaviour of the respondent = 0.341 and r ² = the coefficient of determination = (0.341) ² = 0.1163. Therefore 11.63% if the variance in HACCP of the respondent can be explained by purchasing behaviour of respondents. While for second hypothesis, there is no relationship between food borne illness and purchasing behaviour, r (0.48) since the p-value is more than 0.05. Questionnaire SECTION A: Food Hygiene Below questions are continuous question 1(a). Based on the option below, which Kampar restaurants do you think that are having high level of cleanliness/ hygiene standard? Mc Donald ( Fast Food restaurant) Seng Yip ( Economy rice restaurant) East Ocean Dong Hai ( Chinese restaurant) Ghany Corner (Mamak store) 2. What are the factors that influence you to choose the restaurant from question 1(a)? The restaurant have proper standard to cook/serve the food (eg. Serve the food with clean tray) The utilities provided are clean and safe to use The restaurant environment are clean Staffs with proper attire Their dishes are fresh and nice SECTION B: Application of HACCP Respondent is asked to indicate the extent to which they agreed or disagreed with each statement by using 5 Likert scale. 1. My perception of cleanliness level in a restaurant is based on Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Proper handling of food Food presentation Restaurant environment Utensils and equipment used in restaurant 2. Based on your experience, please rate the following statement by putting a tick (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡) in the box. Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Food hygiene (sanitation level) is a factor that influence my choice of restaurant to dine in Proper storage of food before use, washing hand before handling food and maintaining a clean environment can make sure that all foods are free of contaminants 3. The following question is asking about the factors that cause food borne illness. Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Food come from unsafe sources will cause food borne illness Inadequate cooking method will cause food borne illness Improper holding temperature will cause food borne illness Using contaminated equipment will cause food borne illness Poor personal hygiene will cause food borne illness 4. Based on your dining experience, please rate the following statement by putting a tick (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡) in the box. Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree The restaurant has standard sanitation level The restaurant food I often dine in is cooking in proper cooking method The restaurant food I often dine in is serving in proper temperature The restaurant staff s have proper attire SECTION C: Customers Behavior 1. The below questions are asking about customers behavior. Based on your experience, please rate the following statement by putting a tick (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡) in the box. Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree I will never dine in to the restaurant again if found a foreign object in my food I will never visit to the particular restaurant again if I found out that they did not poorly handle of food (eg. Serve the food which dropped on floor) I will never visit to the particular restaurant again if I found out that there is presence of pesticides I will never visit to the particular restaurant again if I found out that the utilities provided is dirty I will never visit to the particular restaurant again if my food is not serving in proper temperature (eg. Rice and dishes is cold and not fresh) SECTION D: Demographic 1. Gender Male Female 2. Age 18-21 22-24 25-27 3. Highest Level education acquire SPM Certificate Diploma Advanced Diploma Chapter 5

What drove Eliza to change? What does it mean to be high class? Essay

In George Bernard Shaw’s didactic, Victorian play Pygmalion, Linguistics Professor Henry Higgins’s perceptive ears are offended by the sound of Eliza’s lowly, Cockney accent, so he wishes to change it into a flawless, pleasant voice that would blend in among high society. Higgins is a sarcastic and rude character who treats Eliza badly throughout most of the play, sometimes not even acknowledging her presence. This brings up the question of why she tolerates his rudeness. What drove Eliza to change? Change is desired when we face conflicts that must be resolved. Another question this play presents is: What does it mean to be high class? Is it as Henry Higgins says it is, that it is just the proper way of speaking? Can the â€Å"right† sociolinguistics or money or heritage give someone high status? We can wish to change when wanting to improve ourselves, to satisfy others who we hold in esteem, to meet demands placed upon us, but most importantly, a successful change must come from self-motivated reasons. A change forced upon a person is like no change at all. After the pressure, the expectations, the possible threat of that comes with authority, have all been removed, a change can only last if the subject being changed had wanted to be changed in the first place. Initially, she wanted to improve her speaking voice so that she could find a better job, and with a better job, better prospects in every part of her life. She realizes that she can do this with Higgins’s help—she recognizes his expertise in this subject, but he is unwilling to help her until she pays him a high sum that she cannot afford. Higgins’s peer Colonel Pickering’s attention is brought to Eliza’s plight and he feels for her, so he strikes up a wager with Higgins and ... ...see any kind of challenge in Freddy, so he was not of so much interest to her. George Bernard Shaw’s message, though, is that affection for another person should not be disguised as distaste, for eventually, the person we love will move on to somebody else who treats him or her as he or she deserves to be treated. In a way, Eliza’s plan to marry Freddy is a type of poetic justice against Higgins, who, even though exhibits the proper grammar and speech of gentility, is not truly a gentleman. His behavior and attitude are just inexcusable for a heroine like Eliza. From this irony and dark humor in Pygmalion, we learn that we should be genuine and reveal our true feelings for a love interest eventually, even if it is slowly to keep ourselves from being hurt—we do not want to meet Higgins’s lonely fate. He could have had Eliza, but his caustic behavior kept them apart.

Rough Draft: Skin Cancer

Summer vacation is on its way, what’s the first think you all think about when you are on summer vacation, bathing suit, beach, tanning, and hanging out with friends? I certainly hope not. The first thing everyone in this room should be thinking about is where is the sunscreen. Have you ever wonder what exactly causes skin cancer? Many people suffer from skin cancer. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in American. About half of the people here in this room will eventually get it if you don’t take precautions. Many people these days are not taking skin cancer seriously after knowing its significance. Skin cancer has been a growing problem in the Unites States and many people have suffered from it every year. Their three common types of skin cancer Bascal cell carcinoma, Squamos cell carcinoma, and Melanoma. Skin cancer is a deadly disease with many causes, but the advantage is that it can be prevented. What is skin cancer and what causes skin cancer? Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer. Skin cancer is the abnormal growth of skin cell most often develops on skin expose to sun. However, this common form of cancer can also occur in other parts of your body not necessary exposed to sunlight. Your skin is obviously essential to your life. It protects against heat, light, injury and infection. It also regulates your body temperature, and stores water, fat, and vitamin. There are several different types of skin cancer, but the most common one are melanoma and non melanoma. Non melanoma includes — basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Basal and Squamous are both classified as non-melanomas. They usually start in the basal cell or equamous cells, which is how they get their names. These cells are found at the base of the outer layer of the skin. Most non-melanoma skin cancers develop on sun-exposed areas of the body like the face, ear, neck, lips, and back. Basal cell or squamous cell cancers are highly likely to be cured if found and treated early. what is melanoma skin cancer? A. what is melanoma skin cancer?

Why Shift Attention To Second Generation Biofuels Environmental Sciences Essay

Second coevals biofuels are made from biomass-to-liquid engineerings, specifically cellulosic ethyl alcohol and Fischer-Tropsch gasification, and are intended to utilize lignocellulosic biomass. These engineerings are non by now commercially accessible. A figure of companies submit to some agro-fuel engineerings utilizing already bing provender stocks like palm oil or rapeseed oil as ‘second coevals ‘ like Neste Oil ‘s NExBTL Diesel, that consumes hard-hitting hydrogenation of fatty acids.Shift FROM FIRST GENERATION TO SECOND GENERATION BIO FUELSMany of the issues linked with 1st-generation biofuels can be sought out by the devising of biofuels which are manufactured from agricultural and forest left over ‘s and besides from non-food harvest provender stocks. Ligno-cellulosic feedstock is formed from specializer energy harvests grown on cultivable land, and at that place rather a few apprehensivenesss remain over viing land usage, although energy end products are expected to be high than if harvests grown for 1st-generation biofuels are produced on the same dirt. Additionally hapless quality land could besides possibly be utilized by the usage of 2nd coevals bio fuels.FEED STOCK YIELD AND ESTIMATION OF LAND AREA NEEDED[ 3 ] As we can see the tabular array gives us informations of the output of provender stock that is used for the production of 2nd coevals bio fuels, and besides the land that might be required for the sum of output. These 2nd-generation biofuels are relatively immature so they must hold all right potency for cost decreases and greater than before production efficiency degrees as more clip is base on ballss and research is done. Having an influence slightly from the future oil monetary values, they are likely to go an component of the solution to the job of traveling conveyance sector to the side of more sustainable energy resources. However, cardinal proficient and economic obstructions have still to come before they can be widely deployed. [ 4 ] Feedstock used by 2nd coevals engineerings include and their output is besides shown in the undermentioned tabular array: Dedicated agricultural production ( miscanthus, grass, etc. ) Agricultural production wastes ( straw, leaves, chaffs, etc. ) Dedicated forestry production ( wood ) A forestry and wood industry wastes ( subdivisions, sawdust, etc. ) Other wood residues, green wastes, portion of family waste, etc. Low-cost harvests, forest residues, wood procedure wastes, and organic fraction of the municipal solid wastes may all be utilized as ligno-cellulosic provender stocks. In the topographic points where these stuffs are gettable, production of biofuels should be made possible with practically no auxiliary land demands or consequence on nutrient and fibre harvest production. Though in a batch of parts these sorts of remains and waste provender stocks might hold unequal handiness, and therefore turning of vegetive grasses will be indispensable as options.BIO FUEL PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERISTICSHarvesting, treating, and presenting large volumes of biomass feedstock, with a needful quality, for whole of the twelvemonth, to a biofuels production works needs cautious logistical survey predating the investing in the works and its building. The program must be to cut down production cost, the cost of reaping and the cost of conveyance. Besides it should guarantee the economic feasibleness of the undertaking. This job is often insufficiently thought of when sing 2nd-generation options. The devising of biofuels utilizing ligno-cellulosic provender stocks may be done through 2 wholly separate fabrication paths. They include the undermentioned. biochemical – where enzymes and other micro-organisms convert cellulose and hemicelluloses mechanism of the provender stocks to sugars earlier to their agitation to do ethyl alcohol Thermo-chemical – for which gasification engineerings result in a synthesis gas ( CO + H2 ) through which a immense assortment of long C concatenation biofuels can be made. For illustration man-made Diesel The mentioned are non merely types or waies to the production of 2nd coevals biofuels, assorted researches are traveling on for others and betterments. They can do biofuels points like those which are produced via the cardinal waies or others which include di-methyl quintessence, methyl alcohol, etc.ECONIMICS OF BIO FUELSOn the footing of programs of assorted organisations the development of 2nd coevals biofuels initial full commercial-scale operation will likely get down by 2012. A little piece of informations demoing figures related to production of 2nd coevals can be seen in table 1. [ 1 ] Another major difference among biochemical and thermo-chemical paths comes to be that lignin constituent is a remnant of the enzymatic hydrolysis and therefore may be utilized for power coevals or possibly warming every bit good.BIO FUEL ENERGY BALANCENormally enzyme hydrolysis can be predictable to do up to 300 cubic decimeter ethyl alcohol / dry metric ton of biomass whereas the other path could bring forth like 200 cubic decimeter of man-made Diesel as shown in Table 2 [ 1 ] . There is an about same output in footings of the energy which is approx 6.5 GJ/t biofuels is since man-made Diesel has a larger value of energy denseness in comparative to volume than ethyl alcohol. Another chief thing that is different comes to be that biochemical waies produce ethyl alcohol in comparing to the thermo-chemical way which may be used to do a assortment of longer-chain hydrocarbons utilizing the synthesis gas.Technologies USEDCellulosic ethyl alcohol: This technique uses more energy than it really intends to do. Thus, sing usage and the end product consequences of energy it performs worse than 1st coevals maize ethyl alcohol. The undermentioned diagram gives the schematic of such a production [ 5 ] . A PRACTICAL PROCESS BY WHICH CELLULOSE ETHANOL IS PRODUCED Fischer-Tropsch gasification: Fischer-Tropsch gasification is utilized largely to bring forth Diesel from coal. It is a highly energy thorough process that is at the minute non at all commercially executable. It is of inquiry that use of Fischer-Tropsch gasification on a bigger graduated table may raise dodo fuel emanations. Following is an image of first bio-refinery ( a ) that was setup [ 6 ] and a Fischer Tropsch Section in China ( B ) [ 6 ] . ( a ) Image of the 1st Bio-Refinery ( B ) Fischer Tropsch Section in China [ 7 ] Above is shown the schematic of a Fischer-Tropsch gasification procedure. This is non a concluding version of the procedure as new betterments are being done to this new engineering every twenty-four hours. But however a basic thought can be interpreted from this scheme.Outputs of Bio Fuel in FutureTo bring forth 2nd coevals biofuels a broad scope of feedstock might be utilized. In add-on, the energy required for the intent of agribusiness and feedstock production can be reduced to a great extent. In immense transition services 2nd coevals provender stocks are predictable to be aptly transformed to biofuels. But, even though a high hereafter prospective may be present, at the minute it is non up till now confirmed that 2nd coevals biofuels will be improved in public presentation energy-wise, economically and with regard to carbon. Following is an extract from the European enchiridion to which presents the use of 2nd coevals bio fuels over the coming old ages as expected [ 2 ] . SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS AND CO2 EMISSIONSAlternatively of utilizing dearly-won nutrient harvests to do the bio-crude, second-generation biofuels for illustration agricultural waste are used. Second-generation biofuels processs do n't hold any consequence on supplies of nutrients. But one positive point is that they are decidedly environmentally much better and sustainable than the 1st coevals biofuels. If they are wholly made commercial, these advanced biofuels engineering can easy reconstruct fossil fuels with locally made biofuels which can in bend have positive effects like: Decreasing the demand for crude oil that is imported Lowering the emanation of nursery gases therefore diminishing of CO2A content per twelvemonth Opening new occupations, countries of research and skills peculiarly on rural sides Second coevalss biofuels are non at the minute commercial because of their production engineerings being in the research and development stairss. Assortment of feed stocks may be utilized to bring forth biofuels including lignocelluloses. Second coevals biofuels are for illustration bioethanol coming from cellulosic stuff. The ‘Technology Roadmap ‘ given in the ‘Vision Report ‘ explains coming up of these biofuels in 3 stairss which are, bettering the engineerings that exist, research and development of 2nd coevals biofuels and research and development of bio-refinery thoughts.REFRENCES[ 1 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.iea.org/papers/2008/2nd_Biofuel_Gen_Exec_Sum.pdf [ 2 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.compete-bioafrica.net/publications/publ/Biofuel_Technology_Handbook_version2_D5.pdf [ 3 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //ucanr.org/repository/cao/landingpage.cfm? article=ca.v063n04p191 & A ; fulltext=yes [ 4 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.etha-plus.ch/en/technique.html [ 5 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.frost.com/prod/servlet/market-insight-top.pag? docid=145254590 [ 6 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //newenergyandfuel.com/http: /newenergyandfuel/com/2009/04/16/exploring-a-new-gasification-process/ [ 7 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //coalgasificationnews.com/tag/sasol/

Compare the ways Duffy and Armitage present anti-social behaviour in Education for Leisure and Hitcher Essay Example

Compare the ways Duffy and Armitage present anti Compare the ways Duffy and Armitage present anti-social behaviour in Education for Leisure and Hitcher Essay Compare the ways Duffy and Armitage present anti-social behaviour in Education for Leisure and Hitcher Essay Essay Topic: Carol ann Duffy Poems In Education for Leisure, written by Carol Ann Duffy, the reader gets the impression the person in the poem is disturbed. They go on a killing spree, starting with whatever they can find, after there is nothing left to kill they get a knife and go outside, however the reader does not know what happens next.The person in the poem feels resentment when people ignore them: I have had enough of being ignored. This makes the reader think that they have bin rejected and that they are now bitter about it. They say, They dont appreciate my autograph which makes the reader think that the person in the poem wants to be famous, however is instead ignored. This is quite contrasting, as the person in the poem is very arrogant. I am a genius; I could be anything at all. Also many of the lines begin with I which shows how they talk about themselves a lot. So this could be why they are so confused, the person thinks very highly of itself however no one else seems to.A major theme in this poem in dea th and killing. They kill a fly and a fish, which makes the person in the poem feel powerful and intelligent; also maybe a cry for attention. However, the reader can see a lack of intelligence by the use of colloquial language: I pour the goldfish down the bog. Death is also a key theme in Hitcher by Simon Armitage.In this poem, the narrator picks up a hitchhiker. However he beats him up, whilst driving and then throws him out of the car. You can walk from thereAt the beginning of the poem the narrator is stressed, which contrasts to the end of the poem where he is much more relaxed; after killing the hitchhiker. Like in Education for Leisure the narrator boasts when saying how he didnt even swerve. Throughout the poem there are many inappropriate remarks about how the hitcher was bouncing off the kerb. The fact that he says these sick jokes in such a casual way is quite disturbing; it seems as though its not a big deal, like with Education for Leisure the person in the poem does no care what they kill, as long as they kill something.Both poems have five stanzas. They both feature enjambment and caesura throughout to show the lack of control; along with a narrative structure and in 1st person.Both poems are about death. The person in each of the poems ends up killing at least one thing, whether its an animal or a person; once they have murdered they get a sick pleasure and satisfaction.Compare the ways in which the attitudes of the speakers are presented in two poems from the pre 1914 poetry bankIn The Laboratory the woman feels very angry towards her husband/lover and his new mistress. She feels as though they have made a fool of her: they laugh, laugh at me. She is jealous; her lover is having an affair with some one else. Jealousy is also featured in My Last Duchess. The Duke suggested that his Duchess flirted with everyone: all and each would draw from her alike the approving speech, or blush, at least. Therefore is jealous that her attention is not on him all the time.In both poems, jealousy ends in death. In The Laboratory she poisons the new mistress and wants it to be painful: let death be felt, she also wants revenge on her lover for being unfaithful: He is sure to remember her dying face! She wants her lover to see his mistress when she dies, which shows the extent of jealousy she has. In My Last Duchess there is a sinister tone, which makes the reader suspect that he killed his Duchess: as if she were alive implies that she is dead now. Also when the Duke says: all smiles stopped all together the reader is very suspicious of him. His tone suggests he was satisfied with the results of his commands.

Essay on Global ConflictEssay Writing Service

Essay on Global ConflictEssay Writing Service Essay on Global Conflict Essay on Global ConflictRecent Ukrainian crisis of 2014, which began with Euromaidan Revolution and the overthrow of the corrupted regime of Viktor Yanukovych, and the subsequent annexation of the Crimea Peninsula and the armed conflict in Donbas (region in eastern Ukraine) became the epicenter of global conflict and dramatically affected the international correlation of forces. This conflict could be most effectively considered through the prism of realism paradigm and the Billiard Ball Theory in particular, which implies that international relations can be understood in terms of the movements of certain states in respect to the other ones and pressure they apply as the result of power manipulations (Baysha, 2014).Thus, contemporary Ukraine, by virtue of its geographical location and characteristics of the political and economic situation (poverty, pervasive corruption and shadow economy), has found itself in the zone of geopolitical interests of the major players, and in fact a sm all coin in the geopolitical games of the US, the EU, Russia and China. Here, the US interests, acting through the EU, and primarily through Poland, lie in using Ukraine to weaken Russia and prevent the development and strengthening of the Eurasian economic and military bloc. Russia’s interests consist in using Ukraine to weaken the United States and to avoid the disposition of NATO troops and bases on the Russian border, as well as limit the economic expansion of the EU. China’s interests lie in using Ukraine as a transport corridor for Chinese products to the EU and in turning Ukraine into its raw material appendage with cheap labor force. All geopolitical players are using Ukraine exceptionally for their own purposes, and all their actions are aggressive with the only difference that the aggression of the US, the EU and Russia has an uncovered economic and military component, whereas the aggression of China is determined by a new latent technology the seizure of te rritories through economic expansion (Milevski, 27-29).Real manifestation of these interests was revealed in relation to Ukraine’s decision to sign the association agreement with the EU with the prospect of joining the EU and NATO membership. Initially, the Revolution of Dignity was caused by the general crisis of the representative democracy in Ukraine, and then actively inspired and supported by the US and the EU, clearly aimed at Ukraine’s geopolitical absorption. The success of their common policies led to the change of the political regime in Ukraine: after the pro-Russian President Viktor Yanukovych fled the country, the politicians fighting for Ukraine’s European choice came to power. This, however, could not be easily seen by Russia. Under the guise of protecting the Russian-speaking citizens of Ukraine in Crimea, Russia as a permanent member of the UN with the veto right, having flagrantly violated international law, the resolutions of the UN, OSCE and PACE, the postwar agreement on the status quo, and nuclear disarmament of Ukraine in 1993, as well as the Constitution of Ukraine, first captured and later annexed the Crimea (Tannenbaum, 8).Indeed, the unilateral secession of the Crimea from Ukraine and joining Russia cannot be considered legitimate. At the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Crimea was part of the USSR (Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic) voluntarily according to a popular referendum, therefore the secession of the Crimea from Ukraine especially under the pressure of ill-concealed aggression from a neighboring state is a violation of the principle of territorial integrity. Despite the official recognition of occupation by the UN General Assembly Resolution 68/262 of March 27, 2014 about the support of territorial integrity of Ukraine and general condemnation of Russia’s actions on the part of world powers, their policy of containment and even appeasement failed (Milevski, 29-33).Moreover, steadily following the idea of the restoration of Russian civilization space and the establishment of controlled regimes in the occupied territories, Russia initiates the emergence of breakaway republics DPR (Donetsk People’s Republic) and LPR (Lugansk People’s Republic) in April 2014, and supports the illegal armed groups operating in the Donbas, supplying them with ammunition, modern weapons, heavy military equipment etc.(Wawrzonek, 760-761). There are also compelling data of the monitoring mission of the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights that a significant part of the regular troops of Russia, tanks, infantry fighting vehicles and other military equipment also acts on the territory of Ukraine. Thus, Amnesty International considers the ongoing events as an international armed conflict with Russia being also involved in it. Fighting in eastern Ukraine, continuing since April 2014, led to significant destruction of civilian infrastructure and hundred s of thousands of refugees. According to the UN by October 29 at least 4035 people were killed (including 298 passengers on board MH17) and 9336 wounded in eastern Ukraine. According to the UN data of the beginning of October, over 5 million people live within the conflict zone, 379,000 people moved to other regions of Ukraine, and more than 426,000 moved to neighboring countries (United Nations).Response to Russia’s military invasion of the eastern borders of Ukraine has become an economic war with Russia. Official sanctions alongside unofficial policy to reduce oil prices as the basis of Russia’s well-being today led to a record drop in the ruble (Russian currency), mass withdrawal of foreign investment, postponement for the construction of South Stream gas pipeline from Russia to the EU, and the forced necessity to sign gas agreement at the lowest competitive prices. The financial pressure is now forcing Russian companies to ask for public funding as a palliative, w hich creates an additional burden on the state budget. In this way, Russian strategic decision regarding the maintenance of the Ukrainian crisis in order to ensure long-term profitability of Russian Gas Company Gazprom has not yet been realized, while the US and its allies have managed to temporarily weaken Russia, as well as create opportunities for future energy independence. It should be noted that the European Union with the second largest trade balance after China has always been a profitable strategic partner of NATO, and in addition to the political significance this alliance promises great benefits to American producers of shale gas. In addition, Ukraine’s neighboring countries Turkey, Poland and Romania are intensively making all efforts trying to strengthen their regional position (Wawrzonek, 773-780).At the same time, there are several pro-Russian governments in the European Union. It is primarily Hungary, where authoritarian statist regime of Orban is trying to ba lance its dependence on the Brussels by project with Moscow, including projects of nuclear power plants construction for the Russian loan. In turn, Slovakia and Greece are also traditional partners of Russia, as well as the Czech Republic, where President Zeman openly takes a very pro-Russian stance. However, all of these players are the beneficiaries, not the donors to the EU. At the same time, the growing rhetoric of contradictions and mutual threats directly refers the society to the days of the Cold War (Roskin, 5-9).Indeed, the forgotten bipolar world system is clearly being revived. We can say that the era that began with the famous Yalta meeting between Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin, when the foundations of the post-war architecture were determined, ended in the very same Yalta with the annexation of the Crimea. Post-Yalta architecture assumed the structure of the world when the great powers, which at the time were on the verge of developing nuclear weapons, understood that the world is not entirely fair but there is a need to fix the status quo. Fixing the status quo in the large countries, it was permissible to fight for areas of interest somewhere in Afghanistan, Africa and Korea, that is, in the Third World. Now that world order has been broken. This essentially means that the UN Security Council does not work, because in the architecture where each permanent member has a veto, Russia would not veto itself, or rather would not vote for sanctions against itself and condemnation of aggression. The OSCE does not work either, and we see that the two countries that are members of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe are actually in a state of an undeclared war. The effectiveness of the Council of Europe is also questioned as it is based on democratic values, including on the inviolability of borders with Russia and Ukraine being the members of it.Thus, the greatest global challenge of the Ukrainian crisis is the fact that what was bu ilt after World War II and reformed in the early 1990’s now completely ceased to function. We are facing a global problem to fill the void: will the world fall apart into small artificially national countries with each creating temporary alliances to their interests or will we reanimate the international security architecture, or will we create something new instead of the current system? As for the local aspects of this problem, the possible solution to the conflict in Ukraine is the signing of a tripartite agreement (the EU Ukraine – the Customs Union) on the joint sustainable development, using attention of all the countries to the situation in Ukraine. Objectives of the Ukrainian authorities are to find instruments to influence geopolitical players and implement a global reform of the country. Today, Ukraine receives the next (and possibly the last) chance in its history, passing a kind of turning point, which can be overcome in favor of statehood only by strong f ocus of all efforts on achieving the strategic goal to transform the country into a powerful unitary state, a regional leader capable of guaranteeing security and high social standard of living of its citizens. From the standpoint of liberalism, the inner way out of this political crisis is possible by switching to the cluster system of territory administration and people power with elements of direct democracy.

Word Choice Angel vs. Angle

Word Choice Angel vs. Angle Word Choice: Angel vs. Angle Do you have a guardian angle watching over you? If so, is it acute or obtuse? Oh, wait. We may have confused the words â€Å"angel† and â€Å"angle† there. It’s an easy mistake, as you can’t rely on divine intervention to ensure perfect spelling. But you can check out our guide to what these terms mean. Angel (Guardian Spirit or Divine Messenger) â€Å"Angel† is a noun that refers to a spiritual being or a messenger from God: He was visited by an angel from the Lord. We often picture angels as human-like figures in robes with wings, halos and harps. But there is one part of the Bible that describes them as having â€Å"six wings . . . covered all over with eyes, inside and out,† which is a little more horrifying than the version you’ll see in a church. No eyes on these guys wings. (Photo: Evelyn Simak) Sometimes, we also use â€Å"angel† to suggest someone is morally good: She’s such a well-behaved little angel! This doesn’t mean that the person so described has scary, eye-covered wings, though. In this case, it simply suggests angelic behavior. Angle (Space Between Intersecting Lines) Used as a noun, an â€Å"angle† is a space between intersecting lines or surfaces: The internal angles in a triangle always add up to 180 degrees. We can also use â€Å"angle† as a verb meaning â€Å"position at an angle or incline†: She angled her visor to protect her eyes from the sun. â€Å"Angle† has some secondary meanings, too. As a noun, for example, it can also mean â€Å"point of view or approach.† And as a verb, it can mean â€Å"design for a particular audience.† For instance: We need a new angle if want to attract more viewers. We have angled the new edition at younger readers. Finally, â€Å"angling† is also a word for fishing with hooks. Summary: Angel or Angle? These words may contain the same letters, but they are very distinct in meaning (nor do they sound the same when spoken): Angel is a noun that refers to a guardian spirit or divine messenger. Angle is usually a noun that refers to a space between two intersecting lines. However, it is also often a verb meaning â€Å"incline at an angle.† If you struggle to remember which is which, keep in mind that the â€Å"-gel† in â€Å"angel† is pronounced the same as in â€Å"hair gel† (you could even imagine an angel gelling its hair, if that helps). And to guard against typos, we recommend having your work proofread by a professional.

Buffer, acid and base Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Buffer, acid and base - Research Paper Example A strong battery acid has less than one pH while a strong base has such as drain cleaner has about 14 pH (Lynnette, 2009). On the other side pOH is a measure of the concentration of hydroxide ions, alkalinity or OH-. It measures the basicity of a solution according to the dictionary of Chemistry. pOH is not measured independently rather it is derived from pH. The difference between the two can be described as pH means the H+ ion concentration which indicates the acidic nature of compound while pOH means the concentration of OH- ion which indicates the basic nature of the compound. The following equation will help us to know about both pH and pOH that how they make a 14 point scale for measuring the alkalinity/basicity or acidity of a substance. In the human body, all fluids are aqueous. It is a solvent that is only present in water. That means all body fluids have pH value either narrow or wide range. Scientific researches claim that the pH range of blood should be slightly basic i.e. from 7.35-7.45. If the range sees drastic change, it is very likely to cause illness or death as so much acidity and basicity is injurious for health. The Arrhenius definition for acids states that acids produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions or when they are added to water. Acids release Hydrogen ion (H+). An acid reacts with magnesium, zinc or aluminum and forms hydrogen (H2(g)). It also reacts with such compounds that contain CO32-Â  and carbon dioxide and water is produced. Acids can corrode metals, eat them away to weaken. Acids are so powerful that they can conduct electricity. They are found in car batteries that are so powerful to run the car. An acid turns the litmus paper into red. It is sour in nature and found in many natural fruits and vegetables e.g. lemons have citric acid. In a laboratory, it is very dangerous to taste acid. In kitchens, we find vinegar, a type of acid. It is acetic acid that gives vinegar a sour taste (Lynnette,

Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Islam - Essay Example Polytheism mostly in the form of animism was rampant among the Bedouin tribes in the pre-Islamic Arabia (â€Å"Culture and Religion†). Their tribes or families sold women in pre-Islamic Arabia to their husbands in exchange for dowry. Pre-Islamic Arabia had unlimited polygamy. Divorce among the Arabs of the pre-Islamic peninsula was a totally unregulated male prerogative. Women were granted no rights with respect to divorce. Women were not given anything from inheritance. People would bury their daughters alive. Despite the gender discrimination, forces of cultural unity in the tribal structure existed in the pre-Islamic Arabia. Qasidah was a special style of Arabic poetry that celebrated the ethos of honor and bravery of the Bedouins. It is the very existence of Qasidah, recited at tribal gatherings and market fairs that â€Å"has convinced historians that the Arabs of the seventh century possessed a common poetic language that could be understood in different regions of the peninsula† (Cleveland and Bunton

Second Assignment PS 321 Introduction to Political Economy

Second PS 321 Introduction to Political Economy - Assignment Example In political science, it simply implies the level of actors at which a researcher will aggregate the data. In any study, the choice of actors or the unit of analysis has a bearing on the final generalization that is given by a study. In this perspective, the emergence of fallacies on the conclusion of a study will be as a result of not properly identifying the unit of analysis. In a study about the geopolitics of a country, for instance, the focus of the research could be trade relations. The selection of the actors in this study due to the interest and ideas about the actor could lead to a level of complications like cross referencing or fallacies (Babbie 2013). This article examines the possible set of units that relate to a research question about the geopolitics of China and its international partners in trade. Specifically, the units of analysis that relate to the research are discussed in details. It also observes the relevance of the units of analysis that will be selected for the investigation on the topic. Depending on the research question and the motivation of the researcher, the development of the appropriate actors or even the units of analysis could be difficult or just impossible. In this case, the use of cross-referencing is used to create a correlation of the available information to the unit of analysis that has been selected. The difficulty in obtaining the data about the unit of study may also lead to the absence of this ambiguity which seldom happens, the choice of the unit of study is simplified. Problems like the ecological fallacy that results from using data that is meant for a group to make generalization is avoided. In the case of geopolitical analysis of China and the trade relations, the major unit of analysis is the country which is China. This choice is provoked by the fact that much of the data that will be collected on the topic for purposes of analysis will have to do

What was the gender difference in job related training between 1997 Article

What was the gender difference in job related training between 1997 and 2002 - Article Example ies: the demographic trends in formal, job related training; informal training or self-directed learning; training and unmet training needs or wants; and long-term patterns in formal training participation. The gender difference in job related training between 1997 and 2002 showed that participation rates for both male and female participants in formal, job related training increased from 1997 to 2002. As clearly revealed, the authors disclosed that: participants, 39% of women and 34% of men reported having unmet training needs/wants. These proportions dropped to 24% and 22% respectively for non-participants† (Peters 19). These figures manifest that training and unmet training needs or wants were higher for women than men by 5% (for participants) versus a difference of 2% for non-participants, where women still exceeded men’s unmet training needs or wants. (54% were men and 46% were female† (Peters 23). On the other hand of the continuum, the patterns for long-term trainees, the results disclosed that there are equal portions of men and women in the group. The author’s findings in terms of gender differences in job related training revealed that both men and women exhibited increased participation in formal, job related training from 1997 to 2002; where more women manifested more unmet training needs or wants than men. Finally, in terms of long term patterns in formal training participation, men exhibited higher proportions of non-trainees than their counterpart. As Peters (2004) averred, the results would assist in future research that aims to â€Å"understand if the training objectives of workers are met by the training they participate in, how formal training combines with informal training in the skill-development process and a wealth of other issues†

Economic measurements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economic measurements - Essay Example Negative real gross domestic product indicates lower incomes, lower consumption and poor standard of living (Brezina 24). Largely, gross domestic product is a better economic indicator than its alternatives despite its shortcomings. Production is one of the ways of estimating a country’s gross domestic product. Using production in estimating the gross domestic product requires the subtraction of inputs used in the production process from the value of the final output. The value of the final good incorporates the value of inputs and the expertise used in manufacturing and caution is needed not to overestimate the gross domestic product. Overestimation of the gross domestic product happens when outputs are double-counted. Double counting is avoided by calculating and aggregating the value-added at different stages of production. The aggregate is called gross value added, it needs adjustment for taxes, and subsidies in order to derive a gross domestic product estimate (Stiglitz et al 112). Gross domestic product is an applauded economic indicator because it factors in inflation. This allows investors and firms to compare incumbent trends with previous periods. It does well in capturing the heath of an economy and it has a significant influence on markets (NAS 25). Gross domestic product is able to mark the beginning and the end of an economic recession. Gross domestic product is limited by its periodical release because its data may not be timely in capturing some changes in the economy. Its sensitivity to revision is a limitation as it can have significant changes in historical figures (Fioramonti 85). Alternatives to gross domestic product in measuring the economic growth and health of a country include green accounting that factor in the environmental impacts of production. There are alternatives that take into account leisure. Index of sustainable

DHS Homeland Security Advisory System and DoD FPCON Research Paper

DHS Homeland Security Advisory System and DoD FPCON - Research Paper Example In order to protect military and civilian targets, the Department of Defense (DoD) devised two separate terrorist response systems. FPCON is devised to protect military personnel and facilities while the Homeland Security Advisory System is implemented by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Alert levels in these systems could last for weeks or months depending on the perceived situation by authorities. Aside from the laws implemented to deter, detect, and punish terrorists after 9/11, the federal government has devised warning systems to guide civilians and military personnel on how to respond to terrorist threats. HSAS was implemented on March 11, 2002, to make the dissemination of threats faster and more efficient. To avoid confusion with its military counterpart, the existing THREATCON was renamed to FPCON by the military (U.S. Defense Attachà ©, 2009). The advisory system is primarily designed to inform government agencies and department (federal, state, and local) public and private sectors, and citizens in general of an imminent or perceived terrorist threat in the country. Established on March 11, 2002, the Advisory System is organized into five color codes, each code of which corresponds to descriptions of a terrorist threat level. The lowest risk of terrorist threat is coded green. This warning signals minimum threat but it calls for the refinement of preplanned preventive measures to deter an attack. It further calls for the assessment of vulnerabilities and to take measures that these vulnerabilities are safeguarded and secured against terrorists. The next threat level is coded blue, with â€Å"guarded† as its corresponding descriptor. In code blue, there is a general risk of terrorist attacks and emergency response communications and systems are assessed.  

Economic measurements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economic measurements - Essay Example Negative real gross domestic product indicates lower incomes, lower consumption and poor standard of living (Brezina 24). Largely, gross domestic product is a better economic indicator than its alternatives despite its shortcomings. Production is one of the ways of estimating a country’s gross domestic product. Using production in estimating the gross domestic product requires the subtraction of inputs used in the production process from the value of the final output. The value of the final good incorporates the value of inputs and the expertise used in manufacturing and caution is needed not to overestimate the gross domestic product. Overestimation of the gross domestic product happens when outputs are double-counted. Double counting is avoided by calculating and aggregating the value-added at different stages of production. The aggregate is called gross value added, it needs adjustment for taxes, and subsidies in order to derive a gross domestic product estimate (Stiglitz et al 112). Gross domestic product is an applauded economic indicator because it factors in inflation. This allows investors and firms to compare incumbent trends with previous periods. It does well in capturing the heath of an economy and it has a significant influence on markets (NAS 25). Gross domestic product is able to mark the beginning and the end of an economic recession. Gross domestic product is limited by its periodical release because its data may not be timely in capturing some changes in the economy. Its sensitivity to revision is a limitation as it can have significant changes in historical figures (Fioramonti 85). Alternatives to gross domestic product in measuring the economic growth and health of a country include green accounting that factor in the environmental impacts of production. There are alternatives that take into account leisure. Index of sustainable

Expenses of an Adventure Recreational Activity Essay Example for Free

Expenses of an Adventure Recreational Activity Essay Abstract Estimates of recreation visitor spending provide inputs to economic analyses and help to identify the economic linkages between the recreational use of forest and its users. Using data collected through survey, this paper determines the type of expenditure of mountain bikers in Putrajaya Challenge Park (PCP). PCP is a recreation area that provides facilities for adventure recreational activities especially mountain biking (MTB). Food, petrol, toll charges and equipment constitute the main expenses for MTB in PCP. The study provides useful information with regards to the characteristics of users, pattern of use and user’s expenditure. It supplies the policymakers with information on the usage pattern that may help in developing the management plan to maintain or improve the quality of facilities provided in PCP. Keywords: adventurous recreation, mountain bike, recreational spending Introduction The Malaysian government encourages sports and recreation through the development of appropriate facilities and has launched many related events, including the adventure recreation. Ewert and Hollenhorst (1997) defined adventure recreation as recreational activities that contain structural components of real or perceived danger and usually involve a natural environment setting in which the outcome is uncertain but influenced by the participant. According to Arnold and Price (1993), adventure recreation activities are essentially non-utilitarian and provide intense, positive, intrinsically enjoyable experiences to participants. Putrajaya Challenge Park (PCP) offers customized facilities for extreme recreation in Malaysia. It was developed by Putrajaya Holdings with the cost of RM38 million and is currently operated by Putrajaya Corporation in collaboration with the Extreme Sports Association Malaysia (ESAM). PCP is well-equipped with facilities for adventure recreational activities particularly Mountain Biking (MTB). It covers an area of about 30.33 hectares and is located in Precint 5, Putrajaya. It has a network of MTB trails that passes through an oil palm and rubber plantation, secondary forests as well as bushes and grassy areas on hilly slopes. The establishment of PCP as an adventure recreation park has an impact on the economy. Estimates on the spending of forest recreation visitors provide the basis in estimating the contributions of forest recreation to local economy (Stynes and White, 2008). MTB contributes to economic growth through all the necessary expenditures to enjoy mountain biking. According to Chin Kriwoken (2003), the popularity of MTB has grown substantially over the last 25 years and continues to grow. Berg, Braun Otgaar (2000) found that sports events have become an important means for the economic development of local community, region or country. The expenses of these visitors support local businesses by bringing profits as well as creating professions for the region and the country (Stynes and White, 2008). Due to this advantage that comes along with MTB, it seems appropriate to develop an estimate of recreational spending by mountain bikers. The objective of this paper is to determine the type of expenditure incurred by the bikers of PCP for MTB activity. The potentials and benefits of studying Mountain Biking in PCP as one of the recreational attraction in Malaysia are also discussed as well as suggestions for the government or forest recreation authority regarding MTB activity. Findings from this study are hoped to provide the government with the information of how much PCP has economically contributed to the state. Figure 1: Location of Putrajaya Challenge Park Source: Putrajaya Corporation (2010) Methodology The data for this research were obtained from a series of on-site surveys conducted in PCP. The surveys took place at the access point of the Bike and Skate Complex in PCP from December 2010 to January 2011. The respondents were randomly selected among mountain bikers in PCP. Respondents were asked about their expenditures for MTB activity in PCP using a structured questionnaire. A total of 150 effective questionnaires were collected. Results and discussion Frequency of Mountain Bikers According to Residence All respondents were asked to specify their residence. The result shows that bikers in PCP came from various locations. Majority of the bikers were from Selangor (98), Kuala Lumpur (20), Singapore (14), Putrajaya (12) while other bikers came from Johor, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang (Table 1). Expenditure of Mountain Bikers MTB expenditure consists of four categories; the cost for food, petrol, toll charges and MTB equipment. MTB equipment includes of bicycle, helmet, biking gloves and shoes, knee pads and elbow pads. It was estimated that the mean expenditure of MTB on food, petrol, toll charges and equipment was RM10.60, RM15.60, RM4.20 and RM1, 862.50 respectively (Table 2). Zero value indicates that there is no expenditure on food. This is because mountain bikers need to consume only a small amount of food which they brought from home for MTB activity. The highest expenditure (RM 1,862.50) was on equipment particularly the bicycle and its accessories. The apparently higher expenditure on MTB equipment compared to others expenses is due to the high initial cost required to involve in MTB activity. The lowest expenditure was on toll charges (RM4.20). It is because the majority of the mountain bikers came from Selangor and need not pay for toll charges. White and Stynes (2008) found that spending for any services and goods are mostly influenced by the type of recreational activity and the distance travelled. Other factors influencing the level of expenditure of mountain bikers include the size of the recreation group which means the number of persons in the group, the time spent at the recreation area, local prices and the opportunity to make expenditure on site. During the study, there was no shop or food stall in PCP. Although the mountain bikers normally come in group, the expenditure on food and/or drinks are low because they usually go to other locations for refreshment after MTB. Conclusion From this study, food, petrol, toll charges and equipment constitute the main expenses of MTB in PCP. Apart from MTB equipment, other expenditure remains low. It is proposed to PCP management to allow and encourage the local community to sell food and/or drink in and around PCP area by providing spaces for food stalls and souvenir shop. By having this, not only will it increase mountain bikers’ spending but at the same time generate economic return to the locals. Nevertheless, the study does not incorporate mountain bikers’ willingness to pay for additional recreational facilities in PCP. In estimating the expenditure for recreational activity and its local economic impacts, there might be difference in value between local and foreign mountain biker. This is due to longer length of stay of foreigner compared to local mountain bikers since they have to travel further from home. Longer stay would increase the expenditure, for instance for extra cost for accommodation and meals. In addition, the majority of the foreign mountain biker in this study came from Singapore. Since higher currency exchange of Singaporean dollars, the foreign mountain bikers have higher spending compared to the local mountain bikers. Hence, it is suggested studies on recreational visitor spending is further investigated in the future. Acknowledgements The authors owe thanks to Muhammad Firdaus Faisal and Muhamad Redzuan Abd Rani for their efforts during the data collection. A special thank also goes to the Manager of PCP Bazly Mohamad Najib, former manager, Mohd Asim Md Ali and the staff of PCP for providing the information and data of Putrajaya Challenge Park. This study was financed by a grant from Research University Grant Scheme (RUGS) Project Number 03-01-11 1158RU. All remaining errors and omissions in this paper are solely ours. References Arnold, E., J. Price, L., L. (1993). River magic: Extraordinary experience and the extended service encounter. Journal of Consumer Research, 20 (June), 24-45 Berg, L. van den, Braun, E., Otgaar, A., H., J. (2000). Sports and city marketing in European cities. Rotterdam: Euricur. Brymer, G., E. (2006). Extreme dude! A phenomenological perspective on the extreme sport experience. Unpublished Ph.D thesis. University of Wollongong Chiu L. Kriwoken L. (2003). Managing recreational mountain biking in Wellington Park, Tasmania, Australia. Annals of Leisure Research, 6(4): 339-361 Ewert, A.W., Hollenhorst, S. (1997). Adventure recreation and its implications for wilderness. International Journal of Wilderness, 3(2), 21–26 Stynes, D., J. White, E., M. (2008). National forest visitor spending averages and the influence of trip type and recreation activity. Journal of Forestry, pp. 17- 24

Comparing Education Systems- Saudi Arabia and UK

Comparing Education Systems- Saudi Arabia and UK This essay will focus on the comparison between the education system in Saudi Arabia and England. When the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932, education was not easy to get to everyone and limited to individual teaching at religious school in mosques or by private teacher at home. (Al-obaid,2006) These schools taught Islamic law and basic writing and reading skills. By the end of the century, Saudi Arabia had a national educational system given that, a free education to student from primary school to high school through university to all students. The objectives of the Saudi education policy are to make sure that education becomes well-organized, to meet the religious, economic and social needs of the country and reduce the number of uneducated in the community (Al-Obaid,2006). As a result of that, thousands of primary, intermediate and high schools have been started by the Ministry of Education and the General Presidency of Girls Education. General education system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has three different levels, six years of primary school starting from age seven years old and three years each of intermediate and high school (Saudiembassy,2004). First the students have to start from primary school and the child starts in this level at the age of 6 to 12. In this first period they study for example, Arabic art education, mathematics, home economics (for girls) and Islamic studies. When the students pass this level they move directly to the next level. This is the intermediate school .In general, the student will be 12 years old when they enter this school and they stay until they are 15 years old, which is three years. The subjects they study will be the same however, they are higher level than primary school and they take new subjects such as, English, geography, history, physical education, religious studies and science. After the intermediate school the student starts their high school, which is usually between the ages of 15 to 18. The first year is a general year and students study of all subjects. Consequently, they will be able to choose what they will study in the next tow years. There are three different kinds of subjects in high school general, religion and technology high school. After the first year of high school student have the ability to choose between scientific studies or literary studies. There are also vocational schools that train in agriculture, technical and business studies take place at the universities. Every year student has exams if the pass they will move to the next level but if they do not, they have to retake the same level. The government of Saudi Arabia has always recognized the importance of providing educational opportunities to girls as well as boys, by the developing have been since the first government school has been built in 1964(Ministry of education,2006). By 1999, there were eight universities and a large number of other institutions of higher education, by 2003, there were also several private institutes of higher education with more planned. Another was to establish undergraduate and postgraduate in most disciplines at Saudi universities and colleges (Ministry of education ,2006). As a result, Saudi student can now obtain degrees in almost any field within the country and only if necessary pursue specializations aboard. For example King Abdullah University of science and technology (KAUST), which is the newest university in the country, and focus on areas of science and technology that are important to Saudi Arabia the region and the world. Therefore, the Saudi government provides support to student every year by spending billion of billion dollars on education development. This huge number includes a monthly allowance of about 145 pound given to the student study literature and about 200 pound to student study science to pay for books, transport and accommodation also for life expense. On the other hand, cause of given allowance for the student that to help them to travel from their village or town to the nearest big city because the country has University only in big city (Ministry of higher education,2000). The students do not have to repay the money been spent on them back to the government when the finish their study in the university. However, there are some strict rules regarding this monthly allowance, the student have to be attending most of the classes, except the ones with an excuse, also the student have to maintain at least a 2.0 grade to be able to get the allowance from the government. In case of retaking a module the student should get a warning letter and if they didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t improve their performance the student would be held until the grade mark at least 2.0( Middle East Finance and Economy.1996 ). The education system in the UKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s run by the government as well and is free for all children from 5 to 16 furthermore, the education in England is compulsory for all children in that aged. The UK has worked hard to improve the education (BBC,2000) . As a result, the education system in the UK is one of the strongest in the world, it is divided into four main parts or four key stages, for each subject and for each key stage, programmes of study set up what pupils should be taught. At primary education which generally included key stage one and tow begins at age 5 year old continues until age 11 year old, studying during this period subjects such as English, mathematics and science, in English for example they learn speaking by telling stories, both real and imagined also they learn to listen carefully and to show their understanding of what can they see and what can they hear by making relevant comments with growing attention to what they listen to. In addition, student learn reading by reading stories, poetry and picture books (British council,2008). After six years student will go to secondary school automatically for key stages three and four they spend five years in this level from age of eleven to age of sixteen. Student study as at key stage one and tow, plus a modern foreign language, in this subject, a programme has been set up for key stage three and key stage four in to different parts learning and using the target language, that covers the skills and understanding that should be developed through the target language at both stages and areas of experience, this sets out the broad topic areas that provide contexts for learning and using the target language at each key stage. (Department for education,1995).

Civil Disobedience :: essays research papers

Civil Disobedience, Where’s The Line Drawn?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to properly characterize and understand all aspects of civil disobedience we must look at where the line of disobedience stands and who crosses it. This country was founded on the idea of democracy. Our proud and dedicated fore fathers of the Constitution created this nation on a basis of morality and true freedom. Unfortunately, this dream has been contorted. Twisted to fit the ever growing greed and power thirsty idealisms of the powerful and wealthy politician. Our country has been raped of it’s true seed that it started from.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believe that this country’s main problem is that it’s run by a majority of white males, and of these men, not many younger than their forties. Where’s our equal representation of every populous? These people have lost touch with what they call, their number one resource, it’s youth. Yes, they were all young at one time as well, but times rapidly change. These quick changes can easily cause confusion among our leaders, and this results in poor decisions based on lack of current knowledge and direct involvement. Unfortunately, these people don’t understand what today’s youth goes through, and who’s there to represent my population? The legal voting age in this country is eighteen   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 years old, a population that has already been thrown into the busy world of work and many of whom have already lost the essence of their youth. We need a change, a new policy of understanding.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The line of civil disobedience is drawn by our nation’s leaders and it’s their line and they mark it. The line’s they make are the illusions they see, they don’t look at the whole picture, our nation has a severe case of tunnel vision. Truthfully, laws are passed to protect our â€Å"Christian† morality, and notable standing among the Earth’s other great powers. It seems America’s main concern is how we project ourselves to others, and what we can get out of it. In this movement and idea, the young are lost in it’s deep cracks of political separation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Our nation needs a voice, a voice of youth and honesty. Over half of our nation is comprised of young adults, but we have no say in how our lives are run. What may be small and seemingly harmless to a youth, may land him in jail for a few years. Policies on things such as drugs are very harsh on today’s children, but the real question is, is who is the punishment benefiting?

Nucor Corporation in 2001 Essay -- Steel Producers Nucor Essays

Nucor Corporation in 2001 Nucor's History Nucor Corporation is the second-largest steel producer in the United States and has had net sales of $4.6 billion in 2000. Nucor recycles approximately 10 million tons of scrap steel. It operates in 9 states and produces carbon and alloy steel in bars, beams, sheet, and plate; steel joists and joist girders; steel deck; cold finished steel; steel fasteners; metal building systems; and light gauge steel framing. The company emerged from near Bankruptcy in 1966 to become one of the fastest-growing steel. Despite the recession in 1991, Nucor grew into one of the biggest and best-known global producers of steel. Nucor's origins are with auto manufacturer Ransom E. Olds, who founded Oldsmobile and then Reo Motor Cars. Through a series of transactions, the company Olds founded eventually became the Nuclear Corporation of America. Nuclear Corporation was involved in the nuclear instrument and electronics business in the 1950's and early 1960's. The company suffered through several money-losing years, and when facing bankruptcy in 1964, installed F. Kenneth Iverson as President and Samuel Siegel as Vice President of Finance. This change in management led to a restructuring and a decision to rebuild the company around the major profitable operations; the steel joist businesses in Florence, South Carolina and Norfolk, Nebraska called Vulcraft. The company moved its headquarters from Phoenix, Arizona to Charlotte, North Carolina in 1966, and expanded the joist business with new operations in Texas and Alabama. Management then decided to integrate backwards into steel making by building its first steel bar mill in Darlington, South Carolina in 1968. In 1972 the company adopted the name Nucor Corporation. Since that time, Nucor has built three more Vulcraft facilities, eight steel mills, and expanded into other steel products. Current Strategy and Future Expectation Nucor is pursuing long-term growth and wants to improve its position from the second-largest U.S. steelmaker by overtaking U.S. steel, who is the industry leader. Its current strategy is to be the lowest cost provider of steel by finding opportunities to reduce cost. It emphasizes on technological leadership by aggressive pursuit of innovation and technical excellence. It puts strong emphasis on employee relations and provides fair compensation and ... .... It would reduce cost by removing the redundant duplicate efforts by the divisions. It would also bring the top executives on the same page and controlling the business would be much easier for them. Nucor should continue to be the low-cost, quality provider by using all its strengths. It should continue to be the technological leader by quickly identifying and adopting new technologies. With the competition getting so tough, Nucor should partner with companies coming up with the newest technology, instead of trying to do it on their own. This would reduce the R&D effort and cost and help Nucor get to the technology faster. Nucor should grow by acquiring other companies, but care must be taken to see that they fit strategically. It should also look outside the U.S. for consolidation opportunities. By going outside of the U.S. it may be able to reduce the energy, raw material and labor costs, which will give it an edge over its domestic competitors. Finally, it should use all its influence to increase the mounting pressure on the Bush administration, to impose 40 percent import tariffs and quotas that will provide some relief from the dumping by the foreign steel producers.

Christian Places of Worship

————————————————- â€Å"Christian places of worship should be plain and simple? † Discuss. Ollie Gardner This debate is a very strong subject for certain people and religion. For example the Catholics think that it is right to show their appreciation of god by designing their places of worship with big stained glass windows, huge organs and a big bold altar etc. However the Protestants started out rebelling against the Catholics saying that you should not have to show your appreciation with money and gold but with commitment and feeling should be enough. No religion is right or wrong. Looking at the Protestant way of thinking about it that places of worship should be plain and simple. I can see many reasons why people do believe in this thought. One reason could be because they think that god does not have to be â€Å"bribed† or given these big expensive gifts to appreciate his followers and the people. That merely showing your commitment to him and well being should be enough to gain your love or that you already have his love. God in my point of view is not someone to judge someone by his or her wealth but by his or her actions. Meaning that wherever you worship in a church, at home in your bedroom, on the street in an alleyway with beer cans on the floor is good enough to show your respect and thanks. He does not think of you anymore by showing him and giving him gifts with great wealth. You might be quite poor and cannot afford to do anything quite so big and bold and might just want to do your own prayer at home or anywhere of your choice, which is still fine. On the other hand I can see why you would want to show your appreciation via: gifts, big services and god plated lecterns etc. It’s like on Valentines Day when you give you loved ones a present, card or gift of some point. I know the feeling of walking in to the Bath Abbey and being blown away by the remarkableness and memorising stain glassed windows that fill the room with colour. You do in some way feel that sense of astonishment and holiness as you witness something like the Bath Abbey. I can also see the commitment to god by giving him gifts of great wealth and big glamorous services. It shows hat if they have been lucky enough to be very wealthy or maybe not that much but to give what they can does show a certain amount of strong commitment. In conclusion either decision is fine, and god will not think of you any differently. In my point of view I would go with Protestant way of belief just because I think that god loves you whoever you are and we can show are own love to him, not by fancy lecterns and pulpits and a big choir but just by however way we feel like. Could be at home or anywhere tha t is most comfortable to you.

How important is the banquet scene in this play as a whole? Essay

Before we are able to fully explore the importance of Act III, Scene IV, of Shakespeare’s famous ‘bloody’ tragedy it is necessary to look briefly at what is meant as a tragedy for Shakespeare used tragic circumstances in order to give insight into lots of situations and help tell a story, usually with a moral attached. Although Macbeth is undoubtedly ‘tragic’ and one of the bloodiest and violent of Shakespeare’s plays its tragic nature doesn’t necessarily stem from the murders and grievances within the play. Shakespeare has used Macbeth’s vulnerability and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve nature to portray tragic circumstances and to highlight the flaws within his character. Macbeth is a fascinating individual; he is transformed by evil from a strong and noble general to a king that will stop at nothing, including murder, to retain his throne and hence his power. However, he is rarely in control of a situation and from the beginning, when he encounters the three witches, deeply suspicious and afraid of the supernatural, ‘Speak if you can, what are you?’ Act I Scene III. This is shown as he depends on the witches to guide him with what to do and good becomes entwined with evil, ‘ Fair is foul, and foul is fair’, Act I Scene I. This also gives us a clue that it is going to be hard in the play to tell the difference between good and evil and when we encounter Banquo’s ghost in Act III, Scene IV we know any glimmer of hope felt by Macbeth since the murder of Banquo is to be short lived. The line ‘fair is foul, and foul is fair’, also indicates a warning to us as readers that things may not necessarily be what they seem and they most definitely are not. Many versions of this quote are used throughout the play including the line of Lady Macbeth’s when she tells Macbeth to; ‘play the humble host’ Act III Scene IV. When she says ‘play’ she is showing that she realises they have to cover up their true feelings. This is similar to ‘fair is foul, and foul is fair’ and can also be compared with the line Lady Macbeth uses to tell her husband to cover up his treachery ‘look like th’ innocent flower, But be the serpent under ‘t’, Act I Scene V, just before Duncan is to arrive at their castle. The banquet scene, therefore, is one of the most important scenes of the play and, once the ghost appears, becomes a pivotal point. Things, up until now, were going relatively smoothly for Macbeth and he has fulfilled his dream of becoming king and his wife, lady Macbeth, queen. Although she knows of Duncan’s murder, she has not been included in the plans for murdering Banquo, ‘Be innocent of the knowledge, dearest Chuck,’ Act III Scene II, and at the beginning of the ‘banquet scene’ he wishes only for her to join in the celebrations for his coronation ‘ Our hostess keeps her state, but in best time we will require her welcome,’ Act III Scene IV Line 6-7. The banquet has been arranged so that the new King and Queen can be properly introduced to their courtiers and is going as planned until the Murderers arrive to tell Macbeth that although they have killed Banquo, Fleance has escaped. Although Macbeth is uneasy about this news, ‘Hath nature that in time will venom breed’ Act III SceneIV and is linked to his doubts about one of Banquo’s predictions from the Witches, ‘Thou shalt get Kings, though thou be none’, he dismisses the murderers and prepares to enjoy the banquet in a ceremonious way. However, his ease is to be short-lived for as he is about to sit down he sees Banquo’s ghost in his place at table. He cannot believe this and questions his Lords, ‘Which of you has done this?’ but they are unable to see the ghost and rise to leave, thinking he is ‘unwell’. Guilt, denial and fear swamp Macbeth, ‘Thou canst not say I did it: never shake thy gory locks at me’, and he thinks someone knows he killed Duncan and is setting him up. It seems guilt is the strongest theme in this scene, it is the reason for the ghost of Banquo being present in Macbeth’s mind only, and his guilty conscience is seeping through with this sign of madness. Although Lady Macbeth accuses her husband of being a coward, ‘This is the very painting of your fear’ as she did at the time of Duncan’s murder, she apologises to the guests and tries to cover up for him saying it is an illness he has had from a child, ‘my Lord is often thus and hath been from his youth.’ Because he is so frightened I feel she is beginning to suspect him of something but does not understand what exactly, ‘Why do you make such faces?’ The Ghost leaves and Macbeth tries to understand what has happened, in Scene II he was saying how lucky Duncan was because he was at peace in death, ‘After life’s fitful fever, he sleeps well’, but now he is worrying because he has seen the dead rise up again and wonders that in his own death he too may not be at peace; ‘But now they rise again with twenty mortal murders on their crowns’. This seems to link in with the supernatural introduced with the witches and shows a weakness and confusion in Macbeth’s character as he fears death; ‘ I have a strange infirmity, which is nothing to those that know me’, Act III Scene IV. After the ghost leaves and the guests have gone it is almost dawn. Lady Macbeth says ‘Night, is almost at odds with morning.’ I feel Lady Macbeth is beginning to doubt her previous actions and seems confused over good and evil becoming entwined. Macbeth makes a short speech that could easily be compared to an earlier scene in the play – Act II Scene II, when Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are washing away Duncan’s blood from their hands. This could be an image of them ‘washing’ away the guilt that, in the end, forces Lady Macbeth to commit suicide when she feels she can’t wash the blood from her hands. This drives her to her madness like the ghost of Banquo starts to do to Macbeth. This is a famous speech that talks about wading in blood and has the word ‘blood’ repeated five times, ‘ blood will have blood’. Macbeth feels he is in this so deep there is no going back, ‘Returning were as tedious as go’er’, the turning point has now been reached and the last line indicates there is more killing to come, ‘We are yet but young in deed.’ This proves the importance of the Banquet Scene. We have reached the end of one chapter and the beginning of another and it is also a turning point in the relationship of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. At the beginning of the banquet they were as close as they were at the beginning of the play, despite the ‘cloud’ of Duncan’s death. But by the end of the banquet we find Macbeth unable to confide in his wife for advice and going to the witches in place of her, ‘I will to-morrow (And betimes I will) to the Weird Sisters.’ And we now know that Lord and Lady Macbeth do not know darkness from light or evil from good. There must only be darkness and death ahead for them both. Fair has become foul and foul has become fair.